Homoeopathic perspective of environmental factors in stone diseases: a mini review

Abstract

Homeopathy is based on the claim that illnesses can be treated using substances that produce similar symptoms. Mostly,these have been heavily diluted in water or alcohol so that none or only a few molecules of the active ingredient are present. Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. It is an increasing urological disorder of human health, affecting about 12% of the world population. It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. The etiology of kidney stone is multifactorial. The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed at Randall's plaque on the renal papillary surfaces. The mechanism of stone formation is a complex process which results from several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth,aggregation, and retention of urinary stone constituents within tubular cells. These steps are modulated by an imbalance between factors that promote or inhibit urinary crystallization